Produksi Hijauan dan Komposisi Kimia Rumput Kume (Sorghum plumosum) dan Rumput Suket Putihan (Bothriochloa pertusa) yang Ditanam Secara Monokultur dan Campuran
Forage production and Chemical Composition of Kume Grass (Sorghum plumosum) and Indian Blue Grass (Bothriochloa pertusa) Grown in Monoculture and Mixtures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57089/jplk.v4i1.1030Keywords:
komposisi kimia, pertanaman campuran, produksi, rumput kume, rumput suket putihanAbstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi hijauan dan komposisi kimia rumput kume (Sorghum plumosum) dan suket putihan (Bothriochloa pertusa) yang ditanam secara monokultur dan campuran. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan yang terdiri dari SPM (Sorghum plumosum), BPM (Bothriochloa pertusa Monokultur) dan SPBP (pertanaman campuran antara rumput kume dan rumput suket putihan) dan perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Parameter yang diukur adalah produksi bahan kering hijauan, rasio daun dan batang serta komposisi kimia hijauan (bahan organik, protein kasar, serat kasar dan neutral detergent fiber). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Sidik Ragam (Anova) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan menggunakan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanaman campuran rumput kume (Sorghum plumosum) dan suket putihan (Bothriochloa pertusa) dapat meningkatkan rasio daun:batang dan kandungan bahan organik (P<0,05), namun tidak memberikan pengaruh pada produksi bahan kering, kandungan protein kasar, kandungan serta kasar dan neutral detergent fiber (P>0,05). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertanaman campuran rumput kume (Sorghum plumosum) dan rumput suket putihan (Bothriochloa pertusa) dapat meningkatkan rasio daun:batang dan kandungan bahan organik, namun tidak meningkatkan produksi bahan kering, kandungan protein kasar, serat kasar dan neutral detergent fiber.
ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the forage production and chemical composition of kume grass (Sorghum plumosum) and indian blue grass (Bothriochloa pertusa) grown in monoculture and mixtures. This experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments consisting of SPM (Sorghum plumosum grown monoculture), BPM (Bothriochloa pertusa grown monoculture) and SPBP (a mixed cultivation of kume grass and Indian blue grass) and 3 replications. The parameters measured were dry matter production, leaf:stem ratio, forage chemical composition (organic matter content, crude protein content, crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber content). Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (Anova) and the differences between treatment were analyzed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test using SPSS 25. Results showed that the mixed cultivation of kume grass (Sorghum plumosum) and indian blue grass (Bothriochla pertusa) significantly increased the leaf:stem ratio and organic matter content (P<0.05), however it did not affect the dry matter herbage production, crude protein content, crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber content (P>0.05). It was concluded that mixed cultivation of kume grass (Sorghum plumosum) and indian blue grass (Bothriochloa pertusa) significantly increased the leaf:stem ratio and organic matter content, however did not increase the dry matter herbage production, crude protein content, crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber content.
Keywords: Chemical composition, Mixed cropping, Production, Kume grass, Indian blue grass
References
Alamu, L O. 2012. “Effect of Canopy Shade on the Agronomic and In-Vitro Performance of Chloris Gayana ( Kunth ).,†165–76.
AOAC. 1995. “Official Methods of Analysis of The Association of Analytical Chemists.†Washington D.C.
AOAC. 1998. “Official Methods of Analysis of The Association of Official Analytical Chemist.†Washington D.C.
Castro, Carlos Renato Tavares, Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo, Carlos Augusto Miranda Gomide, Marcelo Dias Müller, and Éder Ribeiro Nascimento Júnior. 2009. “CaracterÃsticas Agronômicas, Massa de Forragem e Valor Nutritivo de Brachiaria Decumbens Em Sistema Silvipastoril.†Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, no. 60: 19.
AOAC. 2005. “Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Analytical Chemistsâ€. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Cruz, Pablo, Jorge Sierra, John R Wilson, Maguy Dulormne, and Régis Tournebize. 1999. “Effects of Shade on the Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Tropical Grasses in Silvopastoral Systems.†Annals of Arid Zone 38 (3–4): 335–61.
Dami Dato, T O. 1998. “Pengolahan Rumput Sorghum Plumosum Var. Timorense Kering Dengan Filtrat Abu Sekam Padi (FASP) Terhadap Perubahan Komponen Serat Dan Kecernaannya Secara in Vitro.†Tesis. Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung.
Dhalika, T., H. Mansyur, K. Mustafa, and H. Supratman. 2006. “Imbangan Rumput Afrika (Cynodon Plectostachyus) Dan Leguminosa Sentro (Centrosema Pubescans) Alam Sistem Pastura Campuran Terhadap Produksi Dan Kualitas Hijauan.†Jurnal Ilmu Ternak 6 Nomor 2 (2): 163–68. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/291489959.pdf.
Dijkstra, F A, Elise Pendall, Yolima Carrillo, Ronald F Follett, Jack A Morgan, and Dana Blumenthal. 2010. “Contrasting Effects of Elevated CO2 and Warming on Nitrogen Cycling in a Semiarid Grassland.†New Phytologist 187 (2): 426–37.
Emma, W, A Paga, A Semang, and S Ghunu. 2013. “Peningkatan Kandungan Nutrient Rumput Kume (Sorghum Plumosum Var. Timorense) Kering Yang Difermentasi Dengan Probiotik Starbio.†Partner, 1–9. http://jurnal.politanikoe.ac.id/index.php/jp/article/view/14.
Eriksen, F. I., and A. S. Whitney. 1981. “ Effects of Light Intensity on Growth of Some Tropical Forage Species. I. Interaction of Light Intensity and Nitrogen Fertilization on Six Forage Grasses1.†Agronomy Journal 73 (3): 427–33. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1981.00021962007300030011x.
Jelantik, I Gusti Ngurah, Imanuel Benu, Tara Tiba Nikolaus, Gemini E M Malelak, Cardial Leo Penu. 2019. “Effect of Different Pasture Legumes on Growth Profile and Forage Production of The Selected Native Pasture Grasses Mix at Different Growth Stages.â€
Forage, Tropical. 2020. “Bothriochloa Pertusa.†Tropical Plants Database. 2020. https://www.tropicalforages.info/text/entities/bothriochloa_pertusa.htm.
Mappaona. 1989. “Pengaruh Naungan Dan Pemberian Nitrogen Terhadap Produksi Bahan Kering Rumput Brachiarla Decumbens, STAPF.†Laporan Penelitian Faperta IPB, Bogor.
I W., Suarna, M. A. P. Duarsa, A. A. A. S. Trisnadewi, N. N. Candraasih K., and I W. Wirawan. 2019. “Pemetaan Dan Produksi Biomasa Tumbuhan Pakan Lokal Di Provinsi Bali.†Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 22 (3): 124. https://doi.org/10.24843/mip.2019.v22.i03.p06.
Jelantik, I G N. 2001. “Improving Bali Cattle (Bibos Banteng Wagner) Production through Protein Supplementation [Including 6 Articles].â€
Jelantik, I Gusti Ngurah, Tara Tiba Nikolaus, and Cardial Leo Penu. 2019. Memanfaatkan Padang Penggembalaan Alam Untuk Meningkatkan Populasi Dan Produktivitas Ternak Sapi Di Daerah Lahan Kering. Myria Publisher.
Jelantik, I Gusti Ngurah, Imanuel Benu, Tara Tiba Nikolaus, Gemini E M Malelak, Cardial Leo Penu. 2019. “Effect of Different Pasture Legumes on Growth Profile and Forage Production of The Selected Native Pasture Grasses Mix at Different Growth Stages.â€
Kamlasi, Yohana, Marthen L Mullik, and Twen O Dami Dato. 2014. “Pola Produksi Dan Nutrisi Rumput Kume (Shorgum Plumosum Var. Timorense) Pada Lingkungan Alamiahnya.†Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) 24 (2): 31–40.
Karieen. 2007. “Bahan Organik.†Wordpress.Com. 2007.
Keraf, F K, Y Nulik, and M L Mullik. 2015. “Pengaruh Pemupukan Nitrogen Dan Umur Tanaman Terhadap Produksi Dan Kualitas Rumput Kume (Sorghum Plumosum Var. Timorense).†Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) 17 (2): 123–30.
Ludlow, M M. 1976. “Physiology of Growth and Chemical Composition.†Bull Commonw Bur Pasture Field Crops Commonwealth Agric Bur.
Lukas, R G, D A Kaligis, and M Najoan. 2017. “Jurnal LPPM Bidang Sains Dan Teknologi Volume 3 Nomor 1 Mei 2016.†Jurnal LPPM Bidang Sains Dan Teknologi 4 (2): 33–43.
Manu, Arnold E. 2013. “Produktivitas Padang Penggembalaan Sabana Timor Barat.†Jurnal Pastura 3 (1): 25–29.
Munawar, Ali. 2018. Kesuburan Tanah Dan Nutrisi Tanaman. PT Penerbit IPB Press.
Nitis, I M, K Lana, I B Sudana, and N Sutji. 1992. “Pengaruh Klasifikasi Wilayah Terhadap Komposisi Botani Hijauan Yang Diberikan Pada Kambing Di Bali Di Waktu Musim Kemarau.†In Pros. Seminar Penelitian Peternakan. Bogor, Puslitbang Peternakan, Bogor.
Nopriani, U, P Karti, and I Prihantoro. 2014. “Kandungan Mineral Duckweed (Lemna Minor) Sebagai Sumber Hijauan Pakan Alternatif Ternak Pada Intensitas Cahaya Yang Berbeda.†Jitv 19 (4): 272–86. http://ojs.unsimar.ac.id/index.php/AgroPet/article/view/182.
Patiño-Pardo, R, R Pérez-Cardoso, and J Pérez-Palencia. 2013. “Efecto de La Aplicación de Diferentes Tipos de Abono Sobre La Producción y Calidad Nutricional Del Pasto Colosuana Bothriochloa Pertusa (L) A. Camus.†Sabanas de Sucre, Colombia. Liv. Res. Rural Dev 25 (8).
Salisbury, Frank B, and Cleon W Ross. 1995. “Fisiologi Tumbuhan, Perkembangan Tumbuhan Dan Fisiologi Lingkungan.†Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung.
Sirait, J, N D Purwantari, and K Simanihuruk. 2005. “Produksi Dan Serapan Nitrogen Rumput Pada Naungan Dan Pemupukan Yang Berbeda.†Jitv 10 (3): 175–81.
Sirait, Juniar. 2008. “Luas Daun, Kandungan Klorofil Dan Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput Pada Naungan Dan Pemupukan Yang Berbeda.†Jitv 13 (2): 109–16.
Suastika, I G L. 2012. “Pertunbuhan Dan Produksi Rumput Gajah (Pannisetum Purpureum) Dan Rumput Setaria (Setaria Splendida Stapf.) Yang Dipupuk Dengan Biourine.†Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Udayana. Denpasar.
Suyirman. 2003. “Agrostologi.†In Agrostologi, 54–55. Universitas Andalas press.
Syarif, Djaya Muhammad. 2014. “PolhaSains Jurnal Sains Dan Terapan Politeknik Hasnur 28.†Polhasains 3 (1): 28–34.
Vos, Veronique C A, Jasper van Ruijven, Matty P Berg, Edwin T H M Peeters, and Frank Berendse. 2013. “Leaf Litter Quality Drives Litter Mixing Effects through Complementary Resource Use among Detritivores.†Oecologia 173 (1): 269–80.
Wijaya, A Kusuma, Muhtarudin Muhtarudin, Liman Liman, Cloudia Antika, and Dini Febriana. 2019. “Produktivitas Hijauan Yang Ditanam Pada Naungan Pohon Kelapa Sawit Dengan Tanaman Campuran.†Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu 6 (3): 155–62.
Wilson, J R. 1996. “Shade-Stimulated Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Pasture Grasses in a Subtropical Environment.†Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47 (7): 1075–93.
Wilson, J R, and D W M Wild. 1991. “Improvement of Nitrogen Nutrition and Grass Growth under Shading.†Forages for Plantation Crops.(Eds. HM Shelton and WW Stür). ACIAR. Proceedings, no. 32: 77.
Wilson, J R, and C C Wong. 1982. “Effects of Shade on Some Factors Influencing Nutritive Quality of Green Panic and Siratro Pastures.†Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 33 (6): 937–49.
Wong, C C, and J R Wilson. 1980. “Effects of Shading on the Growth and Nitrogen Content of Green Panic and Siratro in Pure and Mixed Swards Defoliated at Two Frequencies.†Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 31 (2): 269–85.
